Pregnancy does not always lead to the birth of a child. Miscarriages – especially in early pregnancy – are even common. The causes that lead to a miscarriage are varied and often not precisely assigned.
- Miscarriage despite prenatal care
- The miscarriage in the first trimester (early abortion)
- The course of a miscarriage in early pregnancy
- The late miscarriage in the second trimester
- Miscarriage: signs of an abortion
- Farewell to the star child
Miscarriage despite prenatal care
Pregnancy care in Germany is at a very high level: modern medicine makes it possible that even pregnancies with complications such as spina bifida or placental insufficiency can lead to the birth of a well-developed baby. Even with gestational diabetes or HIV, many women today give birth to healthy babies.
Nevertheless, more pregnancies end in miscarriage than you think. Because especially in the first trimester the pregnancy is very fragile.
The miscarriage in the first trimester (early abortion)
If the miscarriage occurs before 12. When a pregnancy takes place in the first week of pregnancy (SSW), it is referred to as a Early abortionIf the miscarriage occurs before the age of 13. and 24. SSW spoken. There are many reasons for early miscarriage:
- Chromosomal changes
- Infections
- Malformations
- Stress
The most common cause is disturbed fertilization or an unstable implantation in the uterus. In this case, cell division takes place and the body initially prepares for pregnancy, but after a few weeks the body terminates the pregnancy on its own. This is basically a natural precaution, as the child would not have been viable.
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Procedure of a miscarriage in early pregnancy
An early abortion must in many cases not medically treated are. The so-called Abortus completus is a miscarriage, which completely encloses the fruit. This means that the embryo, the egg membranes and the placenta are expelled. The affected women perceive this as heavy bleeding, which can be accompanied by pain.
If the bleeding does not stop on its own, it can be assumed that there is still residue in the uterus. In this so-called Abortus incompletus it can lead to infections and other complications come. A new pregnancy is also at risk if, for example, parts of the placenta remain in the uterus or vagina. That is why, as a rule, a Curettage I had a hysterectomy (curettage), where all the residues of the pregnancy are surgically removed from the uterus. The procedure is the same as for an abortion. The surgeon uses a hand instrument – the curette, which has a drop-shaped to ring-shaped tip. If the miscarriage is successful, the bleeding usually ends very quickly.
The late miscarriage in the second trimester
After 12 weeks. SSW the risk decreases of a miscarriage significantly decreases. At this point, the placenta has taken over the care of the fetus and the organs are already basically laid out. The pregnancy is thus much more stable than in the weeks before.
However, a miscarriage can still occur in this case. The causes are similar to those of an early abortion:
- Infections
- Malformations of the uterus
- Malformations of the hereditary factors
- hormonal disturbances
- Blood group incompatibility
If a miscarriage occurs, the fetus is already too large for curettage. The mother must therefore also deliver a child that has already died. For this, as a rule The birth is induced with medication. Under certain conditions, it is possible to wait for the natural onset of labor. However, this can take several days or up to two weeks.